BC548 NPN Transistor

Description

BC548 NPN Transistor🔌🎛️

The BC548 is a general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) widely used in amplification, switching, and signal processing circuits. With a maximum collector current of 100mA and high current gain (hFE), it’s ideal for low-power applications like audio amplification, sensor interfacing, and driving small loads such as LEDs or relays.

Key Features:

✅ NPN Polarity: Designed for switching or amplifying positive signals.
✅ High Current Gain (hFE): Ranges from 110 to 800 (varies by variant: BC548A/B/C).
✅ Low Noise: Excellent for audio preamplifiers and signal conditioning.
✅ Compact TO-92 Package: Easy to solder and integrate into circuits.
✅ Wide Voltage Range:

• Collector-Emitter Voltage (V_CEO): 30V
• Collector-Base Voltage (V_CBO): 30V

Pin Configuration (TO-92 Package):

1. Collector (C): Connects to the load (e.g., relay, LED).
2. Base (B): Controls the transistor’s switching/amplification (connect via a current-limiting resistor).
3. Emitter (E): Connects to ground (common emitter) or output (common collector).

Technical Specifications:

• Collector Current (I_C): 100mA (max)
• Power Dissipation (P_tot): 500mW
• Transition Frequency (f_T): 150MHz
• Storage Temperature: -55°C to +150°C

Applications:

🔊 Audio Amplification: Preamp stages in audio circuits or small signal boosters.
💡 LED/Relay Driving: Switch LEDs, relays, or small motors (with a base resistor).
📡 Sensor Interfacing: Amplify weak signals from sensors (e.g., light, temperature).
🔌 Signal Switching: Turn circuits on/off using microcontroller GPIO pins.
🎛️ Oscillators and Timers: Build astable/monostable multivibrators (e.g., blinking LEDs).